We understand that a change like this can feel daunting for some people, so we are doing what we can to help people understand what 5G is. Psychology professor, Marc Wilson from Victoria University said concerns about 5G come down to increasing public concern around the risks that modern life poses for health. He says, “our world is changing rapidly, so we’ve had little chance to used to radical, scientific advances and this makes us worry about the consequences.” He calls these ‘concerns about modernity.’⁵
 
In terms of conspiracy theories, Ben Decker of the Global Disinformation Index, which aims to disrupt, defund and down-rank disinformation sites, has traced the ‘Stop 5G’ narrative back to its origins in a case study. Read the case study here

There are a number of reasons for this:

1. Existing research applies to 5G - Thousands of studies have been performed over the years into whether there is any health impact from radio waves and to date, no adverse health effect has been causally linked with exposures to wireless technologies that comply with the New Zealand limits.⁶ And because 5G is just another application of radio technology, there is nothing unique to 5G that would make it interact differently with the body than other radio waves.³ 

2. 5G towers are being tested all the time - In order to check that we meet our obligation to comply with national limits, Spark has commissioned independent monitoring of exposures to radio waves around our cell sites. Exposure levels are typically only a small fraction of the exposure limit. A recent report published by the Ministry of Health showed that emissions from 5G cell towers in Palmerston North have been measured at well below the limit as well.² 

3. Claims that 5G is dangerous are not supported by the body of evidence - Claims that 5G is dangerous are not supported by mainstream scientists. Kiwi scientist Martin Gledhill, an electromagnetic field expert with extensive knowledge of the health effects of radio waves, explained in a Newshub article that scientists who claim that there are effects cherry-pick the research that supports their opinions, and ignore material that does not. He says also that they don’t seem to make any assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the research, as would be done in a proper systematic review. Health and scientific bodies that have taken a more systematic approach to reviewing the research do not find persuasive evidence of health effects.⁷  
   
4. Independent reviews of studies have been done - The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Protection (ICNIRP) is a scientific body that independently monitors the research and provides international guidelines on exposure limits to human health. In March 2020, ICNIRP published a public report following a seven year-long study showing it found no evidence suggesting 5G technologies posed a risk to human health. See more info and the report
   

There are some people who report a wide variety of health problems that they believe are caused by exposure to radio waves – this has been termed “electromagnetic hypersensitivity” (EHS). Many studies have been conducted where EHS individuals were exposed to radio waves. The results show that EHS individuals can’t detect radio wave exposure any more accurately than non-EHS people, and conclude that there is no correlation between their symptoms and exposures.⁸

A huge amount of research goes in to trying to understand what causes cancer, however it is impossible to tell for sure what caused it in any person. Radio frequency radiation was classified as a Group 2B, possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2011. The Chief Science Advisor says, “This category catches many commonly encountered things, such as pickles and dry cleaning, and represents a lower hazard rating. To put this in perspective, even the classification above this, ‘probable human carcinogens,’ includes widely encountered activities including drinking very hot drinks and working night shifts.” ⁹

See The International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) Carcinogenic Classification full-size image

Once we start using higher frequencies, radio signals won’t travel as far, thus more ‘small cells’ attached to buildings and other infrastructure will be required to provide full 5G coverage. This won’t result in higher exposure levels because each site will be serving a smaller area so will operate at lower power than 3G and 4G cell towers.⁴ 

5G networks will also eventually use a technology called ‘beamforming’, which directs radio waves where they’re needed in a way that is more efficient and improves the quality of the signal. This means the potential for exposure is smaller compared to 4G.⁹  

While there are stories and images circulating the internet which seemingly convey the death of birds and trees due to being located near 5G towers, they are not true. 
 
Trees and plants

There are concerns that trees may be removed because like buildings, they can weaken 5G radio signals. At Spark we don’t remove obstructions (unless required by a landowner), but plan our coverage footprint and place cell sites as best as possible to allow for this. Trees are offered protection under the Resource Management Act. Read the Resource Managament Act
 
Birds

A common story behind the belief that 5G kills birds is that hundreds of starlings were found dead after a 5G trial took place in the Netherlands, however the two were not related. The only 5G testing in the area where the birds were found had been done four months prior, was about 3km away and only lasted one day.³

Questions about security are to do with the widespread deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices which will be enabled by the faster speeds and greater data capacity of 5G (not with the 5G technology itself). We’re living in an increasingly connected and data driven world, and the connection of more IoT devices will mean more data is being collected. But as this technology evolves, so too does the security and privacy barriers that protect it and in turn, we’ll all be able to enjoy the benefits IoT will bring.